《第二十二章》第五類名詞變化
Today we also want to review the fifth Declension. The characteristic vowel in the fifth declension is an “e”. Now just like the first declension, the nouns are primarily feminine. There is only one exception, the word dies diei M day and its compounds meridie for noon. Also there are no neuter nouns in the fifth declension.
第五類名詞的特徵是母音 “e”。和第一類名詞一樣，大多數第五類名詞為陰性，但dies diei (陽性 day 日間、白晝) 及其複合詞 meridie (陽性 noon午間)為例外。第五類名詞中沒有中性名詞。
The fifth declension endings are:
第五類名詞變化詞尾如下
主格 Nom: es es
所有格 Gen: ei erum
間接受格Dat: ei ebus
直接受格Acc: em es
從格 Abl: e ebus
As I said earlier, the nice part about learning the fourth and fifth declensions are that there are very few words in these declensions.
屬於第四類、第五類變化的名詞為數很少。
The uses of the above cases are the same as the other declensions.
格的用法同其他類名詞。
Ablatives(從格):
Up to this point, we have seen several uses of the ablatives.
到目前為止，我們已經學過幾種從格的用法:
1. Ablative of means (以從格表明工具、方法)
2. ablative of manner (以從格表明樣貌)
3. ablative of accompaniment (以從格表明伴隨)
4. ablative with cardinal numbers (從格與基數連用)
5. ablative of time (以從格表明時間)
6. ablative of agent (以從格表明動作者)
7. ablative place from which (以從格表明所從來處)
8. ablative of separation (以從格表明分離狀態)
One would think that this should exhaust the possible uses of an ablative. But this isn’t the case. Today we’ll look at another use of the ablative.
It’s called the ablative of place where. This ablative is used in a prepositional phrase to indicate where something or someone is located or . It normally uses the prepositions “in” meaning in/on or the prepostion “sub” meaning under.
從格用法不僅以上八種。今天介紹另一種用法，即「以從格表明所在處」，這種用法出現於介詞(或稱前置詞)片語中，表明人或事物所在的地點，通常用介詞in表示「在……內」或「在……上」，介詞sub表示「在……下」。
E.G.(範例) the ship went under water. Navis sub aqua venit.
Here is a summary of the ablative. I’m not sure if this will help or make things more confusing.
以下是從格用法摘要，希望對各位有幫助
Ablatives with Prepostions(從格與介詞連用)
1. Cum to indicate accompaniment. (以cum表明伴隨) He came with a friend.
2. Cum to indicate manner. (以cum表明樣貌) Being a defensive driver, he drives with care.
3. In and sub to indicate place where. (以in和sub表明所在處) She went into the department store.
4. ab, de, ex to indicate place from which. (以ab、de、ex表明所從來處) I sent gifts to my friends from Taiwan.
5. ab,de,ex to indicate separation. (以ab、de、ex表明分離狀態) He is free of (from) fear.
6. ab to indicate agent. (以ab表明動作者)The ball was hit by John.
7. to indicate part of a whole / group. (表明群體中的一部份) Three of the team are sick.
1. means. (工具、方法)He shot him with a gun.
2. manner. (樣貌) She graduated with honors.
3. time . (時間) at thee o’clock he went home.
4. separation. (分離狀態) He freed the captives of fear.
Notice that separation can be used with or without a prepostion to indicate separation.
注意無論從格是否與介詞連用，都可表示分離狀態。
Now let’s go back to the book and look at some sentences.