第二十七章

基本觀念：特殊形容詞與不規則形容詞之比較級與最高級形式

In this class, we want to look at some special and irregular adjectives.  They are irregular in their superlative form.  Normally, in the superlative form of the adjective, one merely adds “issimus” to the base form of the adjectives.  However, there are six adjectives with which this isn’t done.  They are similar = similis, dissimilar = dissimilis, thin = gracilis, humble = humilis, difficult = difficilis,  easy = facilis.  To form the superlative of these adjectives, go to the base by removing the genitive singular ending and this time add      “-limus” .  If the base masculine ends in “er” like pulcher just  add “-rimus” to the masculine singular to form the superlative.

一般來說，只要在形容詞的基本形式加上-issimus就可以形成最高級。但有六個形容詞並非如此： similes (類似的)、dissimilis (不同的)、gracilis (纖瘦的)、humilis (卑下的)、difficilis (艱難的)、facilis (容易的)。要形成這些形容詞的最高級形式，先移去單數所有格字尾以獲得基本型，並加上-limus。如果基本型之陽性字尾為er（如pulcher，美的）則要在陽性單數加上-rimus來形成其最高級。

There are also some irregular adjectives in Latin.  They are the same words which are also irregular in English and most other languages. They are good, great, bad, much, small, in front of, that above.  These must merely be memorized. 

此外拉丁文中尚有其他不規則形容詞，他們在英文和許多其他語言中也同樣不規則。其變化如下表且須熟記：

Base                                         Comparative                                         Superlative

Good      bonus                       better     melior ius                             best        optimus

G reat      magnus                    greater    meior ius                             greatest  maximus

Bad         malus                       worse      peior ius                               worst       pessimus

Much      multus                      more       plus                                       most        plurimus

Small       parvus                      smaller   minor ius                               smallest  minimus

Before    prae   pro                  former    prior ius                                first         primus

That above superus                 higher     superior ius                           highest    summus

Plus will be the only one which may cause a bit of a problem  The genitive plural is “ium” instead of just “um”.  So be aware of this fact.

其中plus是唯一會造成麻煩的，它的複數所有格是-um而非-ium，請多留心。