《第三十章》
基本觀念：假設語氣的完成式與過去完成式、間接問句、時式先後順序
Now we want to look at the perfect and pluperfect subjunctives; also the indirect questions and lastly, the sequence of tenses.
The perfect system whether it be the indicative or the subjunctive, all follow the same basic rules. It really doesn’t matter to which conjugation the verb belongs.
不論直說或假設語氣的完成系統，都遵循相同的基本法則。動詞屬於哪個分類並不會有影響。
To form a perfect active subjunctive:主動假設語氣完成式
1. go to the third principle part of the verb. 找到動詞第三個主要部份
2. remove the final “i” 去掉最後的-i
3. add “eri” 加上-eri
4. finally add the endings m,s,t,mus,tis,nt. 最後加上人稱字尾
（以amo, amare, amavi, amatus 為例）
sing. pl.
1st amaverim amaverimus
2nd amaveris amaveritis
3rd amaverit amaverint
Notice that except for the first person singular, the above verb forms look exactly the the future perfect indicative. So be careful.
注意：除了第一人稱單數以外，其他的動詞形式看起來就像直說語氣的未來完成式一樣；因此要多留心。
To form the pluperfect active subjunctive: 假設語氣主動的過去完成式
1. go to the third principle part of the verb
找到動詞的第三個主要部份
2. simply add –sse plus the endings.
加上-sse和人稱字尾即可
sing. pl.
1st necavissem necavissemus
2nd necavisses necavissetis
3rd necavisset necavissent
To form the perfect passive subjunctive: 假設語氣被動的完成式
1. go to the fourth principle part of the verb
找到動詞的第四個主要部份。
2. add the present subjunctive of the verb “to be”
加上be動詞(sum)的假設語氣現在式。
sing. pl.
1st necatus sim necati simus
2nd necatus sis necati sitis
3rd necatus sit necati sint
To form the pluperfect passive subjunctive: 假設語氣被動的過去完成式
1. go to the fourth principle part of the verb
找到動詞的第四個主要部份。
2. add the imperfect subjuctive of the verb “to be”
加上be動詞的假設語氣未完成式。
sing. pl.
1st necatus essem necati essemus
2nd necatus esses necati essetis
3rd necatus esset necati essent
Often the subjunctive is translated as “may, may have, might, might have, should, should have.
通常假設語態可以英文may, may have, might, might have, should, should have等助動詞來翻譯（代表或許、可能、應該之假設語氣）。
An indirect question is a question which is not directly asked by an individual wanting to know something but asked by another party.
間接問句是指一個由另一方發問，而非直接由想知道某事的人所提出的問句。
E.G.
Direct Question: What is Mary doing? Quid Maria facit? 瑪莉亞在做什麼？
（直接問句） What did Mary do? Quid Maria fecit? 瑪莉亞做了什麼？
What will Mary do? Quid Maria faciet? 瑪莉亞要做什麼？
Indirect Question: They asked what Mary was doing? Rogaverunt quid Maria （間接問句） faceret?
他們詢問瑪利亞在做什麽?
They asked what Mary had done? Rogaverunt quid Maria fecisset?
他們詢問瑪利亞做了什麽?
They asked what Mary would be about to do? Rogaverunt
quid Maria factura sit?
他們詢問瑪利亞要做什麽?
This is also referred to as a future periphrastic, since it experesses a future in a round about way (since there is no actual future subjunctive).
最後一種用法也稱為未來迂說，因為它透過以迂迴的方式表達未來。（因為沒有真正的假設語氣未來式）
Main Clause 主句 Subordinate 從屬子句
Present 現在式 Present (same time)
現在式（與主句同時發生）
Perfect (before)
過去式（在主句之前發生）
Past 過去式 Imperfect (same time)
未完成式（與主句同時發生）
Pluperfect (before)
過去完成式（在主句之前發生）
Now back to the book